Heterocyclic Schiff bases are compounds formed by the condensation of heterocyclic amines with aldehydes or ketones, featuring an imine group (-CH=N-). These molecules have gained attention for their potential as antioxidants, which help combat oxidative stress-related diseases by scavenging free radicals. This review summarizes the synthesis methods, characterization techniques and antioxidant assays used for heterocyclic Schiff bases. It also discusses structure-activity relationships (SAR) that influence their efficacy, such as the role of electron-donating groups and heterocyclic rings. Drawing from recent studies, the review highlights their comparable or superior activity to standards like Trolox and BHA in DPPH and ABTS assays. Future directions include exploring metal complexes and in vivo applications. Over 70 references are provided to support the discussion.
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